It is worth noting that from all its catalog, the brand favors two of its best-selling lines, ultra-high-performance tires (specifically the g-Force COMP-2 A/S) and off-road tires for all-terrain ( All-Terrain T/A K02 and Rugged Trail T/A). More recently, in 2019, Michelin unveiled Uptis (Unique Puncture-Proof Tire System), the airless tire, a disrupting technology that negates any risk of punctures. Years later, in 1946, Michelin patented one of the largest advances in the automotive sector to date, the radial tire. The Michelin brothers’ natural talent led them to patent in 1891 the first removable pneumatic tire in the world, which was one of its many contributions to the industry.īy 1934 Michelin once again showed off its innovation by introducing the first run-flat-tire to the market. By 1889, the brothers Édouard Michelin and André Michelin founded their first rubber factory in Clermont-Ferrand, France. Like BFGoodrich, Michelin, the second largest tire manufacturer in the world, had quite humble origins. Today, BFGoodrich has a huge catalog of products ranging from high-quality tires for daily use to ultra-high-performance tires for passenger vehicles and extreme off-road applications. Thus, in 1989 the French tire manufacturer Michelin acquired the "Uniroyal-Goodrich Tire Company" and relaunched the brand as "BFGoodrich.” However, BFGoodrich's enormous interest in chemical operations and aerospace products & services motivated the company to sell its entire tire business a few years later. This compromises the functionings and being of the people.Over the years, the brand became one of the world's leading tire manufacturers, to the point of merging with one of its rivals, Uniroyal, in 1986. The application of the principle-based ethics in the healthcare delivery system and in other endeavors of Sub-Saharan Africa is achieved through the paternalism of superior powers. Hohfeldian rights relate to Sub-Sahara Africa as universal man and amalgamate with African ethics and morality through the paternalism of doctors, community leaders and other “decision experts” in society in general. ![]() Principle-based ethics does not incorporate African ethics per se, although physicians’, and decision experts’ paternalism enhances the health-seeking behavior of Africa’s people, it interferes with their “rights”, “claims”, “power” and “privilege”, as well as their capabilities and functionings. This shows that Hohfeldian rights are a natural part of African ethics. Hand searching of selected printed journals and grey literature such as technical reports and conference proceedings were also accessed and briefed for further analyses. Whether ethical concepts of “responsibility” and “paternalism” should be more promoted and if so, what happens to their “functionings” and “being”? The author examined the literature on ethics, searched databases for reports and published papers in the English language. Whether the Hohfeldian incidents should be applied to Sub-Saharan Africa in measuring the degree of autonomy, capacity and informed consent, given the limited actual and medical education. In this regard, periodic review of how principle-based ethics is being integrated into the health-seeking behavior of Sub-Saharan Africa is essential to the capabilities and functionings of the people. Hohfeldian Incidents, Principle-Based Ethics, Capability, Functionings, African Traditional Ethics, Sub-Saharan AfricaĪBSTRACT: Principle-based ethics appears to be recent addition to Sub-Saharan Africa’s rights profile, although universal principles of morality have been part of the region from time immemorial. Juxtaposition of Hohfeldian Rights, Principle-Based Ethics, Functionings, and the Health-Seeking Behavior of Sub-Saharan AfricaĪUTHORS: Ishmael D.
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